Graphical Contents and Health Websites Readability

Health-related websites provide valuable information, resources, and support for individuals seeking to improve their health and make informed decisions about their well-being. Graphical content makes websites visually appealing and helps create a positive first impression. Relevant and high-quality graphical content can immediately capture visitors attention and make the website more attractive and memorable. However, irrelevant graphical content on web pages also indicates poor readability, distracting readers from the texts focus. This papers primary objective is to assess the effect of irrelevant or low-quality graphical content on the readability of a health-related website. The relevance of graphical content on a website was computed using a tool proposed in our previous research. A user study comprised of end-user evaluation and heuristic evaluation by readability experts was conducted using a variety of question categories. Both evaluation methods yielded comparable results, confirming that the pertinent graphical content enhances the readability of the web page

Análisis de relaciones cienciométricas y lingüísticas en un entorno automatizado

Se presenta una visión integradora de las diferentes herramientas que permiten el estudio de las conexiones entre documentos, las pautas de publicación, la representación del contenido y la optimización de la recuperación. Se entremezclan conceptos de Psicología Cognitiva,Lingüística, Cienciometría, Documentación, Estadística, Clasificación e Informática en sus vertientes más relacionadas con el tratamiento, organización y caracterización de información textual. El objetivo final es analizar la influencia que tiene el análisis de género en la carcterización de los parámetros cualitativos y cuantitativos, y en concreto, de las herramientas que se encargan tradicionalmente de estos estudios, como los indicadores cienciométricos y la clasificación de término

Hacia una web semántica social

The internet’s evolution toward a scenario of greater potential, with users increasingly involved in its development and management, demands a lower level of semantic ambiguity in the documents that are provided. The proposed semantic web, a concept that appeared almost a decade ago, has had only modest impact. On the other hand, web 2.0, an autonomous evolution of the web toward a collaborative environment, has met with enormous success. The solution devised by web 2.0 has exceeded the limitations of natural language processing tools and statistical approaches. For that reason, it seems logical to analyze the potential contributions that web 2.0 concepts could make to further the development of the semantic web. Some ways of making the leap from a social web to a social semantic web are discussed

Readability of Non-text Images on the World Wide Web (WWW)

The World Wide Web associated the world in a manner that was unrealistic previously and made it a lot more straightforward for users to get data, share and impart. But, irrelevant non-text images on the web pages equally specify poor readability, disrupting the people from the emphasis of the reading. The main goal of this paper is to evaluate the impact of irrelevant or low-quality non-text images on the readability of the webpage. An automatic methodology has been proposed to compute the relevancy of the non-text images. This methodology merges different approaches to extract information from non-text images and read text from websites in order to find relevancy between them. This technique was used to analyze fifty different educational websites to automatically find the relevancy of their non-text images. A user study has been carried out to evaluate the proposed methodology with different types of questions. The results agree with the fact that the relevant non-text images enhance the readability of the web page. This research work will help web designers to improve readability by considering only the relevant content of a web page, without relying on expert judgment.This work was supported in part by the Spanish Ministry of Economy, Industry and Competitiveness under Grant CSO2017-86747-R, in part by the Andalusia Regional Projects under Grant AT17-5509-UMA ``ROSI'' and Grant UMA18-FEDERJA-074 ``ITERA,'' and in part by the European art83 under Contract 8.06/5.58.5900 DIH-HERO ``SUSTAIN.'

Evaluación de la comprensión de los paneles interpretativos en parajes naturales

A methodology to assess the comprehension of interpretation signs is proposed. A set of parameters to evaluate the legibility and readability characteristics collected from the literature are classified. Forty use items on panels from walking routes from Spain have been collected and tested with our methodology. Later, these parameters were computed semi-automatically, and the degree of compliance regarding these aspects was calculated. Also, a survey was performed to study the visitors’ experience. Panels from each track have been evaluated by five people in three levels, under a set of established criteria. A classifying model has been computed showing that comprehension depends on both legibility and readability. Model accuracy is 0.75. The results help us to establish the relative importance of each aspect. Interpretative panels have a cultural value with socio-economic impact. This study could be helpful to design better informative panels in the future.Se analiza la percepción de la comprensibilidad de los paneles informativos. Tras una revisión de la literatura se han extraído características relacionadas con la legibilidad tipográfica y la lecturabilidad, además de recomendaciones sobre el diseño. Se han recopilado cuarenta paneles de parajes naturales españoles y se han extraído automáticamente los valores de legibilidad. Por otro lado se han calculado manualmente las características recomendadas para estos paneles. Además se han encuestado a cinco personas por ruta, con el fin de conocer su percepción de la información suministrada. Por último un clasificador muestra que esta percepción depende tanto de la legibilidad como de la lecturabilidad. Se ha creado un modelo predictivo con un grado de éxito del 75%. Se trata de un análisis realizado sobre una tipología escasamente estudiada, pero con impacto económico y cultural. El estudio puede ayudar a la mejora de la información aportada en estos soportes en diseños futuros

Indexing Languages for Information Management, a Promising Future or an Obsolete Resource?

Indexing languages have traditionally been an essential tool for organizing and retrieving documental information. The inclusion of indexing languages into the digital environment leads to new frontiers, but also new opportunities. This study shows the historical evolution of the indexing languages and its application in document management field. We analyze diverse trends for their digital use from two perspectives: their integration with other digital and linguistic resources, and the adjustment of them into the Web environment. Finally, there is an analysis of how these languages are used in the Web 2.0 and the incorporation of ontologies in the Semantic Web.This work was carried out within the framework of a research Project financed by the Spanish government (Ministerio de Educación y Ciencia, Secretaría de Estado de Universidades e Investigación, TIN 2007-67153)

Previous spatial learning is required for the development of place preference in rats following chronic administration of and withdrawal from morphine

The positive reinforcing properties of addictive drugs have a primary role in the development of drug dependence. In the field of opiates, great attention has been given to this phenomenon, as well as to the negative properties eliciting craving and inducing relapse during withdrawal. This study was designed to evaluate whether elevated plus-maze (EPM) experienced rats withdrawn from low doses of subcutaneous (s.c.) morphine (10 mg/kg), in which a high anxiety level is the most prominent withdrawal symptom, acquire place preference when submitted to a conflict paradigm in which drug effects are paired with an aversive context: the distal part of the open arms of an EPM. Both the anxiety test and place preference conditioning were measured in the same apparatus, a biased version of the plus-maze. In order to verify the influence of previous EPM spatial learning on the performance of morphine-withdrawn rats, half the animals in this study experienced the EPM prior to treatment. Additional groups were also tested under the influence of morphine effects. The effects of the treatments were quantified through the analysis of three types of measures: anxiety was inferred from the use of the conventional measures (percentage of entries and time spent in the open-arms) and risk-assessment behaviours (frequency of stretched-attending postures - SAP, and time spent at the centre of the maze). Place preference conditioning was evaluated through analysis of the number of entries, total time spent and distance run in the open-arm extremities, which is where the animals were conditioned. The number of closed-arm entries was taken as an index of locomotor activity. Our results showed that (i) EPM naïve rats pre-treated with morphine did not develop place preference, behaving like control rats; (ii) rats that had previous experience in the EPM showed no changes in open-arm avoidance on the second exposure, when compared with rats naïve for this condition; (iii) previous spatial learning of the EPM contextual cues was, in fact, a requirement for anxiety-inducing place preference for the open-arms in morphine-withdrawn rats and, (iiii) conditioned place preference was achieved both in rats under the effects of morphine and in withdrawal, probably through the influence of the positive or negative reinforcing effects promoted by the presence or absence of the drug in the central nervous system.FAPES

Reproducción y hábitat de desove del jurel dentón, Pseudocaranx dentex, en las Azores, Atlántico norte central

Reproductive biology and habitat preferences of the white trevally, Pseudocaranx dentex (Carangidae), were studied in the Azores islands, central north Atlantic, to determine the spatial and seasonal dynamics of habitat use of immature and mature fish. The sex ratio was close to 1:1 and fish matured at about 30 cm fork length. There were no differences in the maturation or length-weight relationships between sexes. The spawning season lasts from June to September. Underwater visual censuses showed that schools of mature individuals preferentially aggregate around the summits of offshore reefs during the spawning season. In contrast, schools of smaller, immature fish use inshore habitats all year round. Our data support the hypothesis that offshore reefs are a preferential spawning habitat of larger white trevally, and most possibly for a number of visitor pelagic predators as well. Inverse relationships between exploitation levels, abundance and size composition at the two different islands suggest that the summer fishery targeting trevally schools around offshore reefs has negatively impacted the population. These findings bring additional ecological and management relevance to offshore reefs.Se realizó un estudio de la biología reproductiva y las preferencias de hábitat del jurel dentón, Pseudocaranx dentex (Carangidae),en las islas Azores, Atlántico norte central, con el objetivo de comprender la dinámica espacial y estacional de individuos inmaduros y maduros en el uso del hábitat. Se observó un sex ratio próximo a 1:1 y una talla de primera madurez de 30 cm longitud de furca, sin diferencias entre sexos respecto a la talla de madurez, ni tampoco en la relación talla-peso. La época de reproducción se prolongó de junio a septiembre. Los muestreos visuales revelaron que durante la época de reproducción los individuos maduros se agregan preferentemente en torno de las coronas de arrecifes en mar abierto, mientras que los cardúmes de individuos inmaduros utilizan los hábitats costeros durante todo el año. Nuestros datos apoyan la hipótesis de que los arrecifes en mar abierto constituyen el hábitat preferente para el desove del jurel dentón y, muy probablemente, de otros predadores pelágicos. Una relación inversa entre los niveles de explotación y la abundancia y talla del jurel dentón en dos islas distintas sugiere que la pesquería de verano del jurel dentón ha afectado negativamente la población. Estos resultados ponen de manifiesto la relevancia, tanto ecológica como para la gestión, de los arrecifes en mar abierto